In recent years, due to the impact of the epidemic on the real economy and the impact on peoples way of life, relying on the Internet, the development of big data integrated media, under the guidance of the sharing economy and platform economy, peoples consumption demand upgrading and consumption pattern transformation, gave birth to the new industry of network broadcast. Its initial development from simple entertainment to involve farming, finance, life, learning, social, shopping and other diversified business, involving a wide range of fields. Although it is an independent industry, it penetrates into all walks of life and almost covers all aspects of peoples production and life. The rapid development momentum has also stimulated many negative disputes. The irregular and uncertain identification of the legal relationship between network anchors and live streaming platforms has resulted in the absence of uniform standards for judicial judgment, the difficulty of settling disputes, and the protection of workers’ rights and interests hovering at the edge of the rule of law.By analyzing the development status and existing problems of the network live broadcast industry, this article concludes the identification method of the legal relations of this mode in the current legal framework, and proposes to introduce the system of non-standard labor relations in our country by combing through the foreign theoretical experience, so as to make up for the normative guidance and legal regulation of special labor relations in the current legislation.

Through the analysis of the problems and causes in the study of China’s evidence jurisprudence, the theoretical reflection on the “evidence-only theory” is triggered, and then it is concluded that the judicial means of proof should not only be “evidence-only”, but also reason the “evidence” should also become a necessary means of proof. The analysis, review and application of “evidence” will eventually be conducive to the prosperity and development of the jurisprudence of evidence in China.

The victim’s promise in criminal law refers to the promise and consent of the subject of legal interest to the infringement of their legitimate rights and interests by others. As one of the reasons for the violation of laws and regulations, the effectiveness of the violation in different crimes is different. The effectiveness of the victims commitment in the crime of trafficking women is closely related to the object of the crime of trafficking women. The legal interests protected by the crime of abducting and trafficking women are women’s right to personal freedom and dignity. Therefore, when the victim is voluntarily abducted, the perpetrator should not constitute the crime of abducting and trafficking women.

The inheritance administrator system has been added to the Civil Code, which effectively fills the legal gap of the inheritance management system in the inheritance section of the Civil Code, and makes China have a strong and powerful legal grasp in inheritance related cases, which is an important step for the improvement of the inheritance system in China. However, the relevant provisions are relatively vague and general, making it difficult for the system to be effectively implemented in the judicial practice, which needs to be further clarified. Specifically, it is reflected in the vague legal status of the administrator, the lack of supervision system of the administrator, and the unclear selection and resignation and resolution procedures of the administrator, which makes it difficult for the claims of the estate creditors to be effectively guaranteed. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the legal status of the heritage administrator, establish a perfect supervision system, and improve the procedures for the selection, release and resignation of the heritage administrator, so that the heritage administrator can better perform their duties, the heritage administrator system can be effectively practiced, and the rights and interests of the heritage creditors can be effectively protected.

In today’s society, some new occupations and positions come into the public’s view, becoming an important part of serving the public and promoting social development, of which delivery riders are a new occupation and position, the Meituan delivery rider occupation has its own characteristics, such as, a high degree of occupational openness, occupational income with fairness and other characteristics, which makes it greatly meet the employment needs of workers with different education. At this stage, the takeaway rider profession has a more mature talent system, pulling the development of related industries and providing more convenience for people’s lives. In such a social context, the employment vulnerability and employment quality of delivery riders have attracted much attention and become a hot spot for scholars to investigate. Many scholars have conducted a series of studies on the employment vulnerability of delivery riders, which have enriched the academic research results and provided effective measures to solve the employment vulnerability problem and improve the employment quality of delivery riders. The author takes Meituan delivery riders as an example and discusses the employment vulnerability of Meituan delivery riders and the improvement of their employment quality, and proposes effective measures to improve employment quality according to the employment vulnerability of Meituan delivery riders, so as to make an effort and contribute to the stabilization of Meituan delivery riders’ employment and the development of new employment patterns.

The five thousand years of development history of China has accumulated a system type with the characteristics of the middle agricultural country - reconciliation system. The reconciliation system is reflected in all stages of justice. This paper mainly discusses the reconciliation system in the civil execution system. In reality, people have a variety of dispute resolution methods, whether public relief or private relief can provide a variety of ways to solve problems. In the implementation of the settlement system, the whole civil execution system better reflects that people are willing to negotiate on some issues in order to solve disputes, which can reflect the willingness of the parties to solve the disputes from multiple dimensions. The execution of reconciliation is the most close to the public opinion and the most “fireworks gas” dispute settlement. To sum up, it is the institutional basis for the implementation of settlement and dispute settlement.

As a new type of media, such as aggregating text,image, video frequency and audio, network broadcast is a way of information bearing and interaction. Since the “first year of live broadcasting” in 2016, network live broadcasting has penetrated into all walks of life with overwhelming momentum. Network live broadcasting is a new traffic realization channel combined with e-commerce and live broadcasting. With the development of e-commerce and livestreaming industry, online livestreaming has become a phenomenon. During the epidemic, live streaming of goods injected a strong impetus for the resumption of work and production and economic recovery in Wuhan, Hubei Province to some extent. However, at the same time, many problems also emerged day by day, and the emerging chaos of live streaming urgently needed to be remedied. The Internet is a double-edged sword, and the current booming development of the live webcast with goods industry is accompanied by shortcomings such as false propaganda, unfair competition, product quality problems and difficulties in consumer rights protection, which not only have an impact on the normal market order, but also largely infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, and are not conducive to the healthy development and virtuous cycle of Chinas market economy. In this paper, we reflect on the legal problems of the live webcasting with goods industry and put forward improvement measures for the relevant problems, suggesting that the relevant departments should introduce reasonable and effective regulations or explanations to strictly and efficiently regulate the live webcasting with goods industry; the industry should also take rectification measures internally to promote the coordinated, orderly and green development of the industry.

With the rapid development of the Internet, cyber crimes are on the rise, posing a major threat to peoples life and property safety; in the new era are concealment, cross-border and diverse means of crime. Using judicial big data to analyze the judgment of cyber crimes in the past 20 years, and interpret the development trend of cyber crimes from the dimension of time, space and crime form, so as to provide data reference for the fight against cyber crimes. In order to cope with the current dilemma of cyber crime governance, we can actively seek good policies from improving legislation, standardizing justice and strict law enforcement.

This study assessed the role of traditional rulers’ in peace building and harmony in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State. The population of the study is 200 respondents out of which 133 respondents were sampled. The study used self-developed questionnaire to collect data for the study. The study employed descriptive statistics (frequency counts and percentages) for data analysis. The results were presented in tables and discussed according to the research objectives. The findings of the study revealed that dispute over land, dispute over money, dispute over inheritance, breach of trust and contract were the causes of conflict in Maiduguri Metropolis. Oath taking (swearing with the Holy Qur’an), presenting tangible evidence and presenting witnesses were the peace-building mechanism or strategies used by traditional rulers in Maiduguri Metropolis. The study recommended that Traditional leaders should be fully included in the mediation processes both at domestic and international dimensions and traditional leaders should be given prominent and active roles in the mediation of conflicts among communities to sustain peace, enhance harmony and reduction of future conflicts as currently witnessed in Borno State.

Currently, Chinas insolvency administrators are moving towards specialisation, but there are still shortcomings in the system that need improvement. In terms of the selection system, the courts sole appointment system can be based on reference to the opinions of creditors and debtors. Soft conditions could be added to the distribution of the administrators remuneration to make it more reasonable. The supervision of administrators also needs to be further refined.

The development of the digital economy is dependent on the rule of law guarantee, by the connotation of the digital economy and current situation of the development of the rule of law guarantee faced with some problems of the digital economy, digital economy development of the rule of law guarantee has its necessity, this from the three aspects such as legislation, law enforcement and judicial guarantee mechanism for the digital economy law demonstrates embodiment, in order to determine the road of the digital economy of the rule of law guarantee mechanism.

In the face of the Internet + era, the rapid development of digital economy, the legislative mode of virtual property has been in suspense, which is not conducive to the protection of virtual property, and it is unable to cope with the challenges brought by the complex information era.In terms of legal attributes, virtual property conforms to the characteristics of usufructuary right in real right. The usufructuary right of virtual property is obtained by network users by signing contracts with network operators. With the shutdown of network servers, the usufructuary right is eliminated.Network virtual property has certain unique attributes. During the game activities of network users, the virtual property created has value and belongs to the personal income of network users.So far, our legislative status cannot satisfy the protection of network virtual property, the qualitative and protective measures of virtual property, the restriction of format clause and so on.

During the past decade, knowledge management, has made remarkable progress and completed, even as much as a new management theory. Can be seen, the quality of management, Managerial Revolution, a new way of thinking in terms of organization, a paradigm shift, a comprehensive approach to improve the overall performance of the organization, or framework, to manage the competition. Despite various attempts, the promoters of quality management knowledge, experience has shown that many organizations are not able to run, a quality management program, as successful. Six sigma as well as an approach to improving the quality, not the exception. Identify the key elements of Six Sigma, in order to create a comprehensive and flexible system for achieving, sustaining, and maximizing the success of the organization, that is, improving process performance, is it binding on the current situation. So far, extensive research on Six Sigma, performance, and many researchers have studied the application of Six Sigma, the extraction of the key factors in multi-criteria method, can be effective, to identify key factors in the success of Six Sigma. Results, it is shown that the outputs obtained using multivariate assessment, are effective in identifying key factors.

Criminal law causation is an objective relationship between the harmful act and the result of the damage, including the factual causation and legal causation of two levels of content, is the basis of the objective responsibility of the actor for the harmful results. Criminal law causation in judicial practice usually has other elements to intervene and have some influence on the composition of causation and responsibility. In judging the criminal law causation, the first consideration should be to pass the conditional relationship, thus limiting the scope of causation, and then further consider whether there is equivalence between prior acts and harmful results according to the rule of thumb. The intervening factors are independent and abnormal, with different types of manifestations such as natural events, third party acts, victim acts and victimization acts. Whether the causal relationship can be interrupted also varies, taking into account factors such as the force of the prior act, the abnormality of the intervening factor, and the role of the intervening factor in the outcome.

Performance is one of the most important structures discussed in management research.The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of communication on learning ability.The research method of the present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection.The statistical population of the research was the managers of small and medium-sized companies in Tehrans industrial estates. The reliability of the questionnaires has been confirmed through Cronbachs alphaAnd to analyze data and research hypotheses, structural equation modeling with PLS has been used.Research results have shown that communication has an effect on learning ability.

Justifiable defense is an important means for citizens to protect their rights and interests. It is also an important standard for citizens to divide crime from non-crime. But in the judicial practice is really identified as the case of self-defense is very few. The main reason for this phenomenon is that judicial workers have cognitive deviation in the identification of justifiable defense. So how to form a unified understanding is very important.

As an important part of the national special audit, agricultural and rural audit should make full use of its value functions of early warning, supervision and deterrence to promote the development of rural industries, promote rural environmental protection and pollution prevention, and help the sustainable development of rural society. This paper by analyzing the functions of agricultural and rural audit, and the role of agriculture and rural audit in rural governance,then puts forward feasible suggestions on how to better carry out agricultural and rural audit services for rural governance, hoping to better play the function of agricultural and rural audit in rural governance.

The environment is one of the sensitive and vulnerable dimensions, and a responsible view of the environment and special attention to environmental issues are among the hallmarks of many societies. In this study, the level of environmental awareness of the citizens of the 13th district of Tehran was investigated. In this practical study, 400 male and female citizens aged 15 years and above living in the 13th district of Tehran were selected. The results showed that, statistically, there is a positive and significant relationship between environmental awareness and the level of education and occupation of people.

As an important part of the higher education system, application-oriented colleges and universities should insist on serving the national and local economic development as their own responsibility, and realize the benign interaction between the connotative development of colleges and the transformation and upgrading of regional industries. In specific practice, due to the imperfection of the school enterprise cooperative development mechanism, the insufficient financial support of the government, and the low recognition of the application-oriented universities, the integration of schools and cities has fallen into a certain dilemma. The application-oriented universities should “actively break through the encirclement”, the local governments should “actively build bridges”, and the social enterprises should take the initiative to connect, so as to stimulate the enthusiasm of University local cooperation and promote the benign interaction between the University and the local government. The practical exploration of the integration development of Huaiyin Institute of technology can provide some reference and Enlightenment for other application-oriented universities.

Under the tide of sustainable development of global low-carbon economy, carbon emission reduction has become one of the important strategic objectives of various countries. In this context, enterprises have a great responsibility and mission for the development of low carbon, and need to establish a complete set of carbon emission enterprise organization management system. After introducing the relevant concepts of carbon emissions, carbon trading, carbon assets and carbon inventory, this paper constructs the basic system framework of enterprise carbon emissions management through the research on enterprise carbon emissions management system, develops the corresponding management process, and finally puts forward several suggestions for enterprise carbon emissions management. I hope it can provide some reference for the establishment of the carbon emission management system of enterprises, so as to achieve the sustainable development of low-carbon economy.

The advent of the era of artificial intelligence has made the judicial trial process get many convenience. Especially at present, the large number of cases, the judicial organs trial pressure is too large, the addition of artificial intelligence, has greatly relieved the work pressure of judicial personnel. But then there came a series of problems. Compared with civil cases and administrative cases, criminal cases involve the more important legitimate rights and interests of the parties concerned, so the trial should be more cautious. However, the application of artificial intelligence may cause the illegal transfer of judicial power, the formation of solidified thinking leading to the unfair judgment, and the substantive infringement of the rights and interests of the accused person. In the face of many challenges brought by artificial intelligence to criminal proceedings, the process and requirements of artificial intelligence participation in the judicial process should be clarified through law, the auxiliary and limited principles of artificial intelligence should be determined, and the human rights protection under the application of artificial intelligence should be strengthened.

Since the Data Safety Law was included in the legislative plan, it was passed on June 21, 2021 after three deliberations. This indicates that data has been recognized as a new type of independent protection. The introduction of the Data Safety Law also means the further improvement of the national legal system, and it is also a challenge to the corresponding part of the criminal law in China. How to make the criminal law and the new Data Safety Law applicable to each other has become the issue that must be put forward and the situation we are facing. This paper will analyze the Data Safety Law from the perspective of criminal law and put forward relevant suggestions based on the relationship between the two laws.

The classical DEA-BCC model and the DEA-Malmquist index model were used to dynamically and statically calculate the input-output efficiency of ecological civilization construction in 12 districts and counties of Yulin City, respectively. The results show that from 2012 to 2019, the average comprehensive efficiency of ecological civilization construction in 12 districts and counties in Yulin City was 0.734, and the overall input-output efficiency was relatively poor, mainly due to technical efficiency, which led to non-DEA effectiveness. From 2012 to 2019, the average annual decline in total factor productivity of ecological civilization construction in 12 counties and districts in Yulin City was 16.3％, and its technological progress index was the main reason. At the same time, the total factor decomposition productivity found that the decline in scale efficiency also had a certain impact on the growth of technical efficiency. It is proposed that Yulin City should improve the deficiencies at the institutional level, strengthen technological innovation, improve resource utilization, and improve the management level of ecological civilization construction to guide the better development of ecological civilization construction.

The study investigates the impact of derivatives usage on firm risk and performance companies in the USA for the period of 2014-2019. The study adopts the panel analysis methodology using the Logistic regression and Ordinary least square method. The logistic regression method was used to find the determinants of derivative usage while the Ordinary least square method was applied to getting the relationship between derivative usage, risk, and firm performance. The study adopted numerous dependent variables for robust results and interpretation. Our study confirms size (revenue) as one of the determinants of derivative usage. Return on asset and Tobin Q as a measure of performance (earnings and market value) were found to be associated with Derivative usage. Using derivatives is also associated with risk in the selected firms.

In recent years, cyber violence cases have frequently aroused social attention. During this year’s national two sessions, cyber violence appeared frequently on the list of hot searches on social media. The report of the two high schools stressed that “the problem of governing cyber violence according to law” was also on the hot search of Weibo, causing wide attention from all sectors of society. Dong Chenyu, a lecturer at the School of Journalism of Renmin University of China, spoke about the topic of “cyber violence”. And Zhou Shihong, member of the CPPCC National Committee and vice president of Anhui Bar Association, held in-depth dialogue through video connection. Cyber violence is not only happening in China’s Internet field, but has become a global problem. Therefore, in order to eradicate the persistent disease of cyber violence, it is necessary to carry out empirical research on cyber violence, so as to promote related issues to be further improved in the future legislation, so that citizens’ rights can be more effectively protected on the Internet in the future, and it is expected that the tragedy caused by cyber violence will not be repeated.

With the continuous expansion of the technological space, unfair competition in the network environment has emerged and the academic community has paid deeper attention to it. article 12 of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, which came into effect in 2018, newly added a provision on the determination of unfair competition in the network environment. The provision also reflects the modernization and information trend in the determination. At the same time, the competition technology gradually tends to be high-end, and the competition cost is low and far-reaching. It is difficult to determine the boundary between technological innovation and protection of legal interests, and the principle of technology neutrality is raised. In view of this, the four aspects of the meaning of technology neutrality in Internet unfair competition, the necessity of its application, the current situation of its application and the path of regulation will be discussed.

Since the founding of new China, our country land system has been improved by farmers private ownership to household contract responsibility system, with the improvement of the degree of urbanization, land system also faces some problems, which mainly involves the change of land contracted management rights, formed the land ownership, land contract rights, land management rights three separation system concept, and on the basis of trying to manage the contracted right of land paid exit. Advocate other eligible rural residents living in cities and towns who have certain fixed non-agricultural income, voluntarily and compensated to withdraw from contracted land management rights. This system concentrates land to a great extent, which can rationally allocate resources and promote social harmony and steady economic development. However, there are still some problems to be solved urgently, such as unclear subject boundaries, insufficient guarantee, unclear compensation, and inadequate risk prevention and control. The paid withdrawal mechanism of rural land has been piloted across the country, setting an example for the reform of Liaonings land system.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of job-related factors on increasing the productivity of low-level employees in the General Welfare Office of Tehran Municipality. This research is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of survey approach and it is also an exploratory studies. The statistical population of the present study was a group of 35 senior, middle and operational managers of the General Welfare Department of Tehran Municipality. Necessary analyzes were performed using SPSS software. The results showed that managerial factors have a significant effect on increasing the productivity of low-level employees in the General Welfare Department of Tehran Municipality. Based on the results of the research hypothesis, it is suggested that in the General Welfare Office of Tehran Municipality, managers and supervisors pay special attention to the following: Emotional and spiritual support to subordinates, playing the role of coach, establishing interactive justice between subordinates, effective communication with subordinates to solve work problems, and careful monitoring in the first months of employment.

In the increasingly fierce competition environment of international industrial enterprises, the management of industrial enterprises has obviously become the premise of the long-term development of enterprises. This paper first expounds the relevant concepts of industrial enterprise management, and discusses the differences in the management methods of Chinese and Japanese industrial enterprises from the four aspects of operation management, sales management, marketing, production quality management, and technological innovation. Comprehensive comparison found that the traditional culture of China and Japan has a significant impact on the management concepts and methods of industrial enterprises in the two major countries, Chinese industrial enterprises pay more attention to humanized management, and are slightly inferior to Japan’s modern technology level in technological innovation, while Japanese industrial enterprise management pays attention to high efficiency and high level, with a sound management system and methods, advanced technology for comprehensive management of enterprises.

In this day and age, the power of the internet and social media is an unconditional fact. The emerging growth of social media effect boosts firms to involve more components into their marketing campaigns. Social media influencers become an active support and an essential part of marketing daily activities for brand companies in various social media platforms. When studying these new phenomena, one of the noticeable areas of interest regarding this topic is whether the characteristics of influencers are what drives consumers to consider a purchase. The aim of the study was to explore how college students’ purchasing decisions are influenced by social media influencers’ characteristics. The question that was asked in the study was how each of the characteristics of social media influencers influences consumers’ purchasing decisions. The method used in this market research is through investigating those questions by conducting a survey analysis on 100 respondents and then using a quantitative approach to evaluate the gathered data. This helps to understand the relationship between the influencers and college students as a consumer, and to study a real-life experience of being an influencer. The key finding of this research entail how college students’ purchasing decisions are influenced by social media influencers’ characteristics. What was concluded is that the five factors including trust, looks, fame, personality, and promotion greatly influences the purchasing decisions of college students as seen on the results of the findings.

In recent years, with the continuous development of China’s market economy, and the impact of the new pneumonia epidemic in 2020, a large number of individuals are facing economic difficulties and increasingly prominent debt risks. Under such circumstances, the establishment of individual bankruptcy legislation has become highly urgent and important. China faces various difficulties in establishing individual bankruptcy system, such as differences in selecting legislative models, difficulties in determining the debtor’s property, determining the applicable threshold criteria, Cross-regional execution of the property, etc. However, these difficulties cannot be the reason to deny the individual Bankruptcy system, and the establishment of individual bankruptcy system is crucial to optimize the business environment in China and accelerate the socialist market economy system in China. Through the discussion of this paper, the establishment and improvement of China’s individual bankruptcy system can be a reference.

The present study, which is part of the field research, was conducted with the aim of factors related to colleagues on increasing the productivity of low-level employees in the General Welfare Office of Tehran Municipality in the General Welfare Office of Tehran Municipality using fuzzy hierarchical analysis process method. The results showed that the research hypothesis is confirmed, ie the factors related to colleagues have a significant effect on increasing the productivity of low-level employees in the General Welfare Department of Tehran Municipality.

Lazada is an international e-commerce company that is also well known in the Philippines. Research has shown that to be able to build an effective sustainable development to increase sales in Lazada, they must consider some of the factors that are familiar through their sellers themselves. This study aims to identify the long-term evolution of the Lazada marketplace’s marketing strategy to improve sales. Based on a review of literature and theories of sustainable development and increasing sales of e-commerce, the indicators for assessing sustainability objectively and qualitatively should then be divided into a common index and a different index for each industrial segment, as well as its supply chain, by contrasting research findings to estimate the economic value of sustainability. To analyze the responses, most respondents are female, and all factors are needed to consider by the Lazada itself. To sum it up, simplifying the keywords for a better understanding of every buyer and seller are the biggest factor for the sustainable development of the marketplace. In terms of assessing the factors that determine the marketing strategy, technology, and brand quality should be the focus.

Since 1945, the idea of economic security has been high on the agenda of political systems, and they have all sought to provide economic security for their citizens. This dimension of security became increasingly important after the Cold War, and scholars and policymakers, while acknowledging the link between economic security and public safety, sought new ways to incorporate economic issues into traditional defense strategies. On the other hand, in the international arena, the use of economic opportunities as an effective lever has both made governments more vulnerable and the issue of economic security has grown more and more important. Political systems are currently pursuing national economic self-sufficiency strategies, as well as the need for economic security based on global interdependence strategies, although nowhere in the world do we see the full realization of effective and secure global economic cooperation and global distribution. Economic goods and services are considerably turbulent and in favor of developed countries and northern countries, so the gap between rich and poor in the international arena and between nations has widened.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of job-related factors on increasing the productivity of low-level employees in the General Welfare Office of Tehran Municipality. In terms of purpose this research is applied, in terms of approach it is survey, and is a type of exploratory studies. The statistical population of the present study was a group of 35 senior, middle and operational managers of the General Welfare Department of Tehran Municipality. Necessary analyzes were performed using SPSS software. The results showed that job-related factors have a significant effect on increasing the productivity of inexperienced employees in the General Welfare Department of Tehran Municipality. Based on the results of the research hypothesis, it is suggested that in the General Department of Welfare of Tehran Municipality should consider, job independence, job challenge, job significance, and role clarity in the job in designing organizational jobs and review current jobs.

Based on traditional financial accounting, this article elaborates on the theoretical basis of natural resource balance sheets; combined with ecosystem service functions, attempts to solve the problem of value accounting in natural resource balance sheets, and can also be used for theoretical research. Better promote the development of natural resource balance sheet practice.

In KM management scrutinize best way to circulate data and knowledge to create knowledge intelligent environment in away help everyone in organization has access to data and information need and become knowledgeable and knowledge creator. The other site of wall is infinite ignorance which domine our life, organization, and world. General insight is our ignorance rises faster than our knowledge and expectation by every single innovation as Polanyi said, 1966. Believing human surrounded in ignorance universe would hep us to bridge the gap between knowledge and ignorance. Ignorance has several versions. Its definition and taxonomy would help understand the nature of ignorance which through appropriate analysis led to develop global ignorance management and strategic ignorance management (SGIM).

Applying the results of internal audits of state-owned enterprises to organizational performance appraisal can both promote a greater role for internal audits and improve the level of performance management of enterprises. This paper puts forward the idea of applying internal audit results to organizational performance appraisal and elaborates the logic and mechanism of applying audit results, and then takes the process of applying special audit results of R&D expenditure and efficiency of SOE H to organizational performance appraisal of technology development department as an example to realize effective application of audit results by transforming audit results into the content of organizational performance appraisal index. In order to provide ideas for improving the application value of internal audit results and improving the organizational performance appraisal of state-owned enterprises.

The brand of the most valuable assets and the brand is one of the most important assets of any corporate. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the country’s origin of the brand of Bert Maizo and brand loyalty.The results of the study showed the image of the country has a positive impact on brand loyalty and loyalty.

Today, several consumers have improved their ability at dodging the traditional advertising strategies and marketing projects that all the firms are implementing, which has become a difficult problem for brands to differentiate their own marketing strategies. In an answer to this, the use of online guerilla marketing strategy, is applicable for the said problem. This innovative, unusual, humorous type of marketing campaign is very cost-effective and can capture the attention of the public more than traditional advertising. Angkas, the leader of motorcycle ride-hailing applications based in the Philippines, have differentiated themselves among their competitors through online guerilla marketing strategy. The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the effects of online guerilla marketing as an advertising medium on the Internet. The question that was asked in the study was how each type of online guerilla marketing affects the Angkas’ users with their purchasing decisions. Additionally, to determine if these types are really effective on influencing the users. The data in this study is collected using a Likert scale questionnaire accomplished by the Angkas’ users in Metro Manila. The researchers also used a quantitative approach to evaluate the data gathered from the respondents. The key finding revealed that online guerilla marketing strategy truly affects the behavior of consumers with their purchasing decisions towards Angkas. It may be essential for some businesses to understand the trend of using online guerilla marketing behind using social media advertising in order to grow their businesses locally and globally.

This study examines the evaluation of outpatient services at RLCT Mother and Child Hospital: Basis for Marketing Enhancement. By conducting this research, the researcher identifies the quality services and the needs for improvement areas of RLCT Mother and Child Hospital. The time period studied in this research is from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018 for the questionnaires and all readings are from the year 2013 up to present. This study sought to answer the demographic profile of the hospital, the degree of quality services provided by the hospital, possible solutions, changes and revisions that may be suggested in improving the outpatient services provided at RLCT Mother and Child Hospital based on the research findings. The mixed method of research incorporated with qualitative and quantitative data was employed in this study. Mixed methods research is a methodology for conducting research that involves collecting, analyzing and integrating quantitative through surveys questionnaires and qualitative data from interviews. This approach to research is used when this integration provides a better understanding of the research problem than either of each alone. For this study, a survey questionnaire was employed to (107) one hundred seven participants to gather data from the said institution from January to June 30, 2018. Secondary data were extracted from readings relevant to the topic to gain more inputs and support the present study. Data gathered from the study shall form basis for the continuous improvement and enhancement of RLCT Mother and Child Hospital. Snowball sampling is used in this research where researcher recruits other participants for a test or study. Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling method. Rather, the researchers used their own judgment to choose participants. According to the literature review and theoretical framework of this study, it is also important to improvement in communication skills among staff in showing politeness and active listening; ensure availability of essential drugs, and improvement on clinicians’ prescription skills. Therefore; in order to provide patient satisfaction, the hospital must acknowledge personnel factor not only machineries and facilities. The theories are very significant in determining the quality of health care services at RLCT Mother and Child Hospital. The management can now determine what factors or aspects the hospital is lacking and needs improvement. Once the patient has a feedback, comments and suggestions weather it is positive or negative comments they know that it may attribute to the hospital’s success and should accept it and addressed to the hospital administrators for validation to improve quality of services to achieve consumer delight.

The purpose of this research is to know the measurement of employee performance through communication by knowing the effect of communication on employee performance. The approach used in the research design is a qualitative descriptive approach and a quantitative descriptive approach. The results of the study found that communication and employee performance were good but there were dimensions that were not optimal, and there was a positive and significant influence between communication on employee performance. This meant that the t-count value is 6.252 > a table with a degree of freedom (0.05;65) of 1.998 or 0.000 <0.05 meaning that H1 is accepted, which means that a communications effect on employee performance is positive and important.

Existence embodies a combination of three elements: matter/particle regardless of its nature (physical/nonphysical like sand, sound, air...), relatability among matters, and Universe of rules and regulations. Since the appearance on the planet, human (H) has created the notion so-called God, to compensate for its weaknesses at the moment of desperation. God is a creation of the human mind as an ultimate power over human capabilities as an instrument of comfort, relaxation, and endorsement in desperate situations of hopelessness, Johnstone (2004, 25). Throughout history, few intelligent persons have found the possibility to use this opportunity to create a phenomenon called religion, and try to consolidate their domination on people by jungle rules (force, spread of fear, ignorance, and exploitation) and keep people away from insight, virtue, information, knowledge, awareness, innovation, and creation to steal their wealth, land, virtue, insight and thinking power; even brain wash them to better build their religious empire by hiding themselves behind so called God, regardless of their classification (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Shintoism …) and holed people in ignorance to follow religion as sheep and never let them question, as the darkness trend of creation, innovation, and technology progresses.

Today, it is no longer a secret that one of the most important parts of managing an organization and that an organization wants to be successful and competitive in competition with other organizations is to rely on integrated management methods. These methods, which include a combination of different managements, look at the organization as an integrated system and try to manage all its needs, activities, products, waste and waste materials. The Integrated Management System (IMS) addresses three categories of safety, quality and environment in the framework of international standards 9001ISO (quality management), 14001 ISO (environmental management) and 18001OHSAS (safety management). The relevant research deals with health, safety and environmental management. The method of this research is descriptive and analytical and to conduct it, the research tool Questionnaire was used and the study area was Calcimin Company - Dandy Lead and Zinc Concentration Complex. In prioritizing the units to make corrective suggestions, first the risks that have a higher residual risk number were prioritized. Also, among the units, those units that have the highest number of critical, unacceptable and border risks were ranked, respectively. The results showed that the control room unit with 15 hazards is in the first priority to make safety corrections and reduce the risk related to the hazards identified in this unit.

One of the most important goals of business units is to make a profit and ultimately maximize the wealth of shareholders. In other words, the company’s managers are trying to maximize the value and price of the company’s shares. Some economists in the capitalist world believe that the primary task of for-profit units is to make a profit by producing the goods demanded by the market, and only in this way can the economic efficiency of society be increased. Accordingly, the primary role of the country’s financial system is to facilitate savings and investment in the economic community. The issue of financing is crucial for companies to survive. In this regard, the issuance and sale of bonds and stocks is an important financing tool. The role of the stock exchange as an important part of the capital market for the trading of various types of securities seems to be important and fundamental. For investors and company managers to decide, stock prices determine the financial condition of companies. On the other hand, macroeconomic variables are among the important factors that can affect the stock prices of companies.

In recent years, many businessmen have come to believe that one of the most valuable assets is the brand of their products or services. The brand equity of any organization is a reflection of their commitment to social responsibility. The trend towards social responsibility encourages the business to improve the environment, use less energy and materials, waste management, etc. As a result, businesses can voluntarily maximize their long-term returns by reducing their negative impact on society. The present study investigates the relationship between social responsibility disclosure and the brand of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present descriptive-correlational study is applied in terms of purpose. Combined regression model and panel data were used to test the hypotheses. The results of this study showed that there is no significant relationship between the disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and market share but there is a significant relationship between disclosure of CSR and net profit margin.

Pursuant to the Increasing expansion of using the Social Medias, business and marketing through mass Medias have revitalized the industries and made customers royal to themselves by using these new equipment. These Medias, indeed, are the powerful tools for organizations to achieve the target audiences. More than 4.1 billion persons in the world are related to each other through social networks. This great human potential in the social networks provides this opportunity for each company to increase its customers every day through presence and correct marketing in the social networks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of marketing activities of the social Medias on the brand awareness which has been performed by modeling the structural equations and Statistical Analyses Smart PLS Software. The reliability of questionnaire has been calculated by Cronbach’s alpha test. Moreover, the AVE convergent validity of questionnaire has been also calculated. The results indicated that the Social Medias are flexible and can meet the needs and demands of customers.

The study examined the economic analysis of walnut marketing in Oyigbo Local government area of Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of sixty respondents were drawn using purposive and random sampling technique from the three communities in the study area. Data were generated using structured questionnaire and interview schedule method. Descriptive statistics and gross margin analysis were used in data analysis. Percentage was used to describe the socioeconomic variables, marketing channels and constraints encountered by walnut marketers while gross margin were used to determine the Profitability. Results from the study revealed that majority of the marketers (6l.7％) were female and have average mean age of 49 years. The marketing experience was 12 years and majority of the marketers source their walnut from iterant buyers. The profitability test shows that gross margin was N66, 480.73. It was observed that high rate of perishability; inadequate storage facilities and high transportation cost were their major constraints affecting walnut marketing in the study area. Based on the fact that walnut marketing is profitable. It is recommended, that government and Non-governmental organizations should setup projects that will improve on the species and make available modern facilities for storing and processing walnut. Farmers should be encouraged to grow walnut in this part of the region in order to minimize cost and maximize its benefits efficiently.

Nowadays, along with the increase in competition and unpredictable changes in the business field, organizations should be agile to gain competitive advantages in order to achieve the organizational goals. Various factors are effective on the organizations’ agility and one of them is the utilization of information technology in order to adapt with the environmental changes and satisfy the customers’ demand. The present study has been performed aiming at the investigation of the effect of information technology on agility using the fuzzy method in Tehran’s private schools. In this research, the organizations’ guidelines to achieve agility through the information technology in the organization have been investigated by reviewing the agility literature and determining the relationship between using the information technology and its impact on the agility capabilities. The statistical population of the study consists of 140 persons that by using Morgan sampling table, it was estimated to include 103 persons. The questionnaire tool was utilized for data collection. The gathered data were analyzed by using SPSS software. The results of the research demonstrate that there is a significant relationship between the information technology and the agility indices and show the approximate 97％ effectiveness of technology on flexibility. This has affected respectively the flexibility, speed, responsibility and competence and also by using Young test based on the fuzzy method, it was revealed that the private high schools equipped with the information technology are at agile level that leads the organization to progress more quickly toward the predetermined objectives; better service and more prompt instruction.

When an organization operates in a highly competitive environment, evaluating the effectiveness of business intelligence systems plays a vital role in better understanding the value and effectiveness of management and investment activities. The purpose of this study was to design a model for smartening the management of Iranian chain stores based on business intelligence, studied by Proma chain store. In this regard, by reviewing the literature and research background, the research model consisting of the concepts of business intelligence, stores, marketing and sales, consumer behavior and organizational agility was examined and according to research conducted by chain stores and companies. A provider of business intelligence tools, a model was implemented and studied in the Proma chain store. The main concern of most chain store managers is to increase the volume of business data and how to analyze it. It will help chain store managers by providing specific dashboards in different areas of the store in order to make rational decisions based on real data.

This study sought to ascertain if there is correlation between differential advantage and organizational competitiveness. A cross sectional survey research design was adopted in the study to determine the nature of the situation under investigation. All small-scale enterprises operating in Aba, Abia State of Nigeria formed the area of this study. However, because there are too many of them and the difficulty in accessing all, the researcher purposely selected the four dominant types for investigation. They are: Tailoring, shoe making, Leather bag and Hat producers. For the fact that the population is known, a proportional and systematic random sampling technique was employed to select representatives from each group and this gave a sample frame of 260. Questionnaire served as the instrument for data collection. The questionnaire was validated and tested for reliability before administration to respondents. Out of the 260 copies of questionnaire distributed to respondents, only 240 were properly completed and retrieved. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in this study. Data were presented in frequency and simple percentage tables, which formed the basis for the analysis. The three null formulated hypotheses were tested with Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation statistical tool aided by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results from test of the three hypotheses shows that competitiveness of selected small-scale enterprises correlates significantly with low cost of production (R = 0.517), high skilled labor (R = 0.665) and new technology (R = 0.634) at 0.01 level (2-tailed). The results informed the rejection of the null Hypotheses 1, 2 and 3 in favor of the alternatives. This result shows that differential advantage correlates significantly with competitiveness of small-scale enterprises. The study recommends that business organizations should take advantage of high skilled labour, low cost of production and new technology to rise above competition. They should as well understand that differential advantage as a strategy should be durable, neither imitable or transferable nor transparent or easily replicable. It should be flexible to accommodate changes and sustained over time for it to be effective.

When an organization operates in a highly competitive environment, evaluating the effectiveness of business intelligence systems plays a vital role in better understanding the value and effectiveness of management and investment activities. The purpose of this study was to design a model for smartening the management of Iranian chain stores based on business intelligence, studied by Proma chain store. In this regard, by reviewing the literature and research background, the research model consisting of the concepts of business intelligence, stores, marketing and sales, consumer behavior and organizational agility was examined and according to research conducted by chain stores and companies. A provider of business intelligence tools, a model was implemented and studied in the Proma chain store. The main concern of most chain store managers is to increase the volume of business data and how to analyze it. It will help chain store managers by providing specific dashboards in different areas of the store in order to make rational decisions based on real data.

Projects Most of the research studies conducted by the education organization have attended sub-branches of management and have given less consideration to total quality management (TQM) as an important and comprehensive issue that evaluates an organization from different aspects in order to enhance it. The present study has examined the effect of TQM system and its impact on job satisfaction in the educational organization. This research is applied based on the purpose and is descriptive-survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this study include the managers and experts of different levels of departments of the educational organization, as well as principals, deputies, and school staff; the stratified-random sampling method was used. The method is based on inferential statistics (data correlation analysis) and SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between TQM and increased job satisfaction in the educational organization.

Change leadership is the engine of change, its about urgency, vision, empowering people, and seizing opportunity. Emotional intelligence is an important skill set in leading, hence leaders identified to be effective have an appreciable level of the skill set. Change can be exciting and stimulating in an organization, but it is often met with fear and resistance. How leaders manage the change still seems to be a challenge. Scholars and leaders have for long acknowledged the importance for transformation. This paper focuses on the impact of employees’ emotions on organizational change following a qualitative methodological approach through critical literature review of the role of emotions during change and the significance of emotional intelligence in leading effective change. The research posits that regardless of the quality of the change plan a leader might have, if the team he relies on to carry that change isn’t committed to do so, then the plan could meet its demise.

This study removes subjectivity from the chip seal binder rate adjustment process which leads to reduced risk for state agencies by using mobile Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR) reflectivity data. An automated data analysis method was developed earlier to describe pavement condition changes. In this study, the laser reflected signal intensity of different pavement surface collected using a LiDAR unit was processed and analyzed to generate binder rate adjustments for different chip seal roadways in Texas. The results show that using the average of binder rate adjustment in the left wheel path (LTWP) and right wheel path (RTWP) every 1 mile is feasible and operational for a construction standpoint. However, when the difference of median rate between LTWP and RTWP is greater than 0.03, the use of variable rate nozzle for LTWP and RTWP is highly recommended. The expected surface conditions based on the comparisons between actual and LiDAR predicted binder rates were evaluated and matched well with the observations from the high definition video (HDV) system.

Human resources both apparatus and social community resources are also regional resources that can be increased contribution to the success of regional development. Regional resource development has different characteristics and potential from one region to another. The effectiveness and efficiency of the use of regional resources is a means of bringing closer and maximizing the activities of regional government. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of human resources on the development of the Siantar Marimbun subdistrict, Pematangsiantar City. Data about the information above was obtained from the public who took care of various services produced by the government. The population in this study is the Simarimbun sub-district community and the sample in this study is the people who take care of various government services, which amounted to 15,607 people, by using the sampling formula, the study sample was 100 people. This study uses multiple regression, analysis and hypothesis testing methods. Data processing is done by collecting data from questionnaires and processing using SPSS. From the results of the study note that the influence of human resources on the development of the district area is 0.117 or 11.70％ and the remaining 88.30％ is the contribution of other influences. This research contributes ideas and suggestions to Pematangsiantar City Government so that the management of human resources and other territorial resources receives attention from various policies and strategies of government management and regional development.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between competitive strategies and corporates performance. Statistical population of research was consisted active experts and specialists in Parsian Bank in Tehran. According to Cochran sampling about 210 employees were selected. The tool of this research is questionnaire. The reliability was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, competitive strategies (0.709), corporates performance (0.722). To determine the validity of these tools, face validity and content validity were used. To analyze the data, LISREL software and structural equation modeling were used; the results of this research showed that the relationship between competitive strategies and corporates performance among active experts and specialists in Parsian Bank approved.

The study examines the impact of Deposit Money Bank (DMB) activities on economic development in Nigeria. The study used annual data from the period 1981 to 2018 sourced from the CBN statistical bulletin and World Bank Development Index Website. Preliminary test of descriptive statistic, unit root test and correlation analysis were employed. The analysis involved the estimation of the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and General Least Squares (GLS) estimation techniques to determine the dynamic pattern of response of economic development with respect to changes in DMB activities. Specifically, findings showed that only DMB branches have significant positive effect on economic development in Nigeria. Bank Deposits and Exchange rate have a non-significant positive effect on economic development in Nigeria while bank credit and interest rate have non-significant negative impact on economic development in Nigeria during the period under review.

One of the reasons of failure of customer relationship management is the lack of suitable criteria to evaluate customer relationship management. If this organizational concept is not assessed, it is not managed well. A comprehensive measure to assess customer relationship is necessary from a systematic view. The present study aims to evaluate and prioritize effective factors on optimal implementation of customer relationship management in Pasargad bank using statistical methods. The study population is managers, deputies, employees, experts and customers of 5 branches of Pasargad bank as 384. The present study evaluates and prioritize the effective factors on optimal implementation of customer relationship management using MADM methods. The results also can be used in the required population and it is an applied design. The present is descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The reliability of questionnaire is 0.925. The descriptive statistics of variables are computed using SPSS software. By TOPSIS method, we rank the indices. It is worth to mention that in this model, we need weighting the indices and the weight of each of indices is computed using AHP method and to rank the choices, TOPSIS software is applied. Finally, the organization factor has the highest weight and cultural and technological factors are in the next priorities. Pasargad bank, Vanak branch had the first rank in using effective factors on customer relationship management and branches Shiraz, Mollasadra, Tavanir and Gandi had ranks 2-5.

Although project management has long been under consideration and various methods have been proposed for timing projects, but they have not been completely responsive to the needs of the project for increasing productivity and customer satisfaction. As a result, increased risks and the incompatibility of the project with the initial Base line plan, necessitate using modern techniques (such as CCPM) as opposed to common methods (such as CPM). And, the cautiousness, and often resistance, of project control users made the researcher implement two of the selected techniques in the breakdown of a petrochemical project – which is a national plan – in the design, supply, and production (EPC) phases, using the results of fundamental research, to evaluate – based on known indicators – and gain better knowledge of the tools. For ranking the indicators, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used, and to analyze the methods and implement them, software facilities for project control, such as Primavera6 and CCPM+ were used. Results indicate that there is a philosophical difference between the two approaches, and the reason is using CC in the limitations theory and buffers that cause concentrating on system efficiency and performance and making rules and algorithms, not discussed by the crisis path. Finally, although the use of CC is complex and requires cultural changes, many ideas can be easily utilized by experienced project managers and become an appropriate competitor for CPM in reducing project time and expense.

Marketing is a system, a value, a complex. Marketing is a behavioral, interpersonal, and cultural concept. The value of total marketing is the value of the exchange of signs, labels, recognition, identity, trends, time and comfort. Contextual markets are complexes that are remarketed or resold in different iterative contexts, and under different circumstances. Marketing brings to the market a holistic system, the whole complex not just a part or a process. Conceptual marketing deals with holistic entities. A context product is a marketing entity. The buyer also has the need for market reminiscences. The product complex includes the basic, extended, and external product. The second part of paper debate my new Partnership model. The project is an intermediation because it is the relationship between the equilibrated actors who are in the process of optimizing their positions. However, individuals are actors of a whole personality, one partner has a privileged position but in the long term the equilibrium is sustainable.

The implementation and maintenance of organizational resources planning systems is really costly for each business. Large business institutes can pay the costs of organizational systems but due to high costs, small to medium businesses prefer the purchase of these systems and their relevant implementation. Cloud has some advantages in comparison to traditional data centers. For example, cloud enables the supply chain in which consumer and provider organizations determine their position in supply chain. Supply chain provides services regarding accounting and bill. Various fields have conducted studies on cloud and simulation field is also emerged for web-based simulation. The present study attempts to express definite definitions of cloud and cloud computing and define the future position of cloud computing in different industries as the basis of computing. With the rapid progress of cloud computing, we can help the organizations to achieve high efficiency in proving information technology services and reduce the costs. Also, like large companies, small and medium companies can achieve high efficiency in IT by cloud computing.

Conflict in organizations is increasing as the result of workforce diversity and the problems associated with the distribution of economic and social gains. Individual differences in perception, value, emotion, are among the factors that give rise to conflict. To achieve industrial reconciliation, organizations try to manage conflict through the techniques of negotiation, relationship, as well as co-operation. Conflict management mainly involves handling difficult people and tense situations with diplomacy and empathy. The ability to spot potential conflict and then bringing disagreements into the open for discussion, and helping to de-escalate disagreements provide the basis for a win-win conflict resolution. The study was conducted through the empirical research design involving 93 participants knowledgeable in the areas of interest. Data were generated through primary and secondary sources and the result of the analysis showed strong positive relationship between industrial reconciliation and conflict management. Because of limitations in terms of time and lack of current relevant literature in the areas of interest, further study should explore the relationship between organizational structure and conflict as a way of finding solution to frequent cases of conflict in organizations. Based on the result of the study, it was recommended that negotiation should always be tactful so as to ensure a win-win conflict resolution.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is one of the latest management tools that can take advantage of information technology to comprehensively gather resources and information in all parts of the organization by an interlocking, system with fast speed and high quality and help users in all organizations and sectors by giving certain modules for managing different sectors such as projects, human resources, and services. Despite the many benefits this system can have for the organization, its implementation and deployment is very risky and costly. Therefore, the overall risk of the project can be reduced by studying and understanding factors causing failure in the implementation of the system as well as identifying implementation risk factors. The present study investigates risk management using an integrated model of risk management provided in the PMBOK standard and FMEA technique as a case study in Power Engineering and Development Company (Mapna Pars) on ESP implementation project. The present study is applied in terms of its objective and is causal in terms of its nature. Critical risks were identified to be five. Solutions to reduce or remove critical risks were proposed based on experts’ opinion.

The main areas of integration of business processes are considered. Methods of evaluating economic performance are demonstrated. Approaches to the task solving of efficiency estimation of private financial flows in a single portfolio or business process are considered. The basic definitions of integration business-processes and parameters of efficiency are offered. Methods estimation of integrated streams efficiency of economic system are offered. Approaches to the decision of problems estimation efficiency of the integrated structures as a whole and the private financial streams of business processes entering into integrated structure are investigated.

With the construction of the economic corridor between China, Russia and Mongolia entering a new era, the economic construction and commercial cooperation between the three countries are gradually on the rise. At the same time, China’s arbitration system has also ushered in new opportunities and challenges. In order to improve the competitiveness of China’s arbitration institutions, this paper starts from the strategic thinking of opening up the regional structure transformation, introduces a diversified legal framework and methods, and constructs an arbitration mechanism that is in line with the international standards, so as to find a new way for the promotion of China’s economic corridor strategy and the settlement of related contradictions and disputes.

Strained labour-management relations are often the causes of disagreement which impedes worker productivity and organizational sustainability. This situation persists mainly due to lack of effective two-way communications, poor organizational leadership styles, motivation, and empathy among other factors that would otherwise encourage worker performance. Human relations role has reciprocal effects in terms of shared values, performance, and innovation that are crucial for worker productivity. The relevance of human relations role in worker productivity cannot be overemphasized because workers in any organization relate to each other in certain ways because they are often influenced and driven by particular emotional, psychological, physiological, social, economic, and political forces associated with the organization that have the power to motivate them to perform in the ways they do. Using empirical research design, 127 respondents participated in the study. Data generated were organized, analyzed and the result showed strong positive relationship between human relations role and worker productivity. The investigation was not exhaustive because of lack of current relevant literature and time. Therefore, further study could examine the relationship between government policies and worker productivity. This is urgent because in many developing countries including Nigeria, workers and governments are frequently at each theirs throat, polarizing labour against government, and vice-versa, at the detriment of overall productivity. Based on the result of this empirical study, it was suggested that organizations should keep two-way internal communications always open so as to build healthy labour-management relationship to douse misunderstanding and to encourage productivity.

Software maintenance is widely accepted part of SDLC now a days. It stands for all the modifications and updations done after the delivery of software product. A common perception of maintenance is that it merely involves fixing defects. However, one study indicated that over 80％ of maintenance effort is used for non-corrective actions. This perception is perpetuated by users submitting problem reports that in reality are functionality enhancements to the system. This paper describes the importance of maintenance by describing the each phase of maintenance cycle and by describing the different types of maintenance and their needs at different stages of software development.

Projects can be repetitive tasks in specified periods of time and also it may involve some functions which are performed just once. However, in any project, managers and experts consider three basic and important goals: least time, lowest cost and best quality, so all efforts are directed toward achieving these basic goals. Statistics indicate that projects are either conducted on estimated time or delayed and rarely are delivered before due date. Even if an activity is completed earlier in implementation phase, its post requisite activity would not be performed due to resource constraints and unavailability or project manager’s mistakes in estimating right time for activities. According to planning for technology advances within next years and gaining independence in this engineering field, our country is not an exception to this rule and there are urgent needs of scattering and promoting wind tunnel technology in different types and velocities at university and industry level. Wind tunnels are available in both open and closed circuit modes and are classified into subsonic, transonic, supersonic and ultrasonic based on their speed, each of which are used for specific purposes and have their own unique advantages and disadvantages.

Progress of technology (PT) is a long-term investment in the future, serving as the cornerstone for innovation-driven growth and development. PT in developing countries faces of several barriers which are classified in this research as structural (including lack of R&D infrastructures, inappropriate systems and policies, weak leaderships, lack of management freedom) and situational (including inaccurate political and managerial systems, rules, and regulations). This research tries to shade light on the nature of the barriers and look for the ways to overcome. Top leaderships in these countries instead dressing a clear long term strategic plan to pursue PT, are eager of power and pursue their own personal ambitions. Most of them just ignore and don’t focus on PT; even if they want to do so, because of weak leadership, lack of knowledge and experience they don’t have any clue how to dress the issue. They most often are misleading PT.

This study assessed the factors affecting bushmeat trade in Itu, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Data was obtained through detailed structured questionnaires was randomly administered to 150 respondents from 10 communities randomly selected. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were employed to analyze the data collected. The results obtained indicated that majority of the respondents were male (54.93％), married (76.76％), aged between 21-40 years (80.99％) and literate (68.31％). Cross River State was the major (38.73％) single source of bushmeat for the traders. Only six species of bushmeat were traded in the area and grasscutter was the most demanded and supplied bushmeat species. Majority (37.33％) of the traders earned between ₦15,100 - ₦20,000 income monthly. Gender, age, educational status, species traded and sources of bushmeat traded were positive and significant factors (p<0.01) that affected the income of the traders. The study recommends more investment and development in the rural areas as this further help in reducing dependence and trade in the wildlife resources thereby conserving it for posterity.

Social capital refers to trust-based connections and relationships between human and organizational collections as a valuable resource. Educational organizations are one of the institutions that influence the formation of social capital through the formulation of goals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impeding factors and the social capital development strategies in formulating higher education curriculum goals, which was carried out in a qualitative way using the grounded theory method. 10 experts in the field of curriculum design and social capital were interviewed with. In the process of encoding the goals, the main categories of research were identified by social adaptation and social reconstruction approaches as follows. The identified barriers included: the inadequacy of the curriculum in catering for the needs of the social community, not revising the curricula, the inadequacy of the curriculum in increasing social participation and lack of attention to promoting social capital in formulating the curriculum objectives; and the strategies included: the application of various techniques of needs assessment for formulating the objectives, identifying needs from the point of view of the curriculum designers, identifying needs from the perspective of social science experts, revising the curriculum, identifying the problems of social capital development, determining the scope of changes, identifying the context and conditions involved in changes and determining the goals.

This article surveys development economics studies and shows how it looks for mechanisms able to lead to the long run growth in poorest countries located in Africa, Latin America and other Asian countries. It surveys the way development economics policies tries to improve poorest countries’ population life conditions since the beginning of the emergence of the field. In order to achieve development take-off, economic policies use theories and analysis methods allowing sustainable development to settle. Indexes are also used in order to appreciate populations’ wellbeing improvements through the time. The necessity of development economics to converge toward market based economy in this 21th century legitimate the need for the best policy to adopt for it to be successful, which turn out to be a preliminary condition for the neoclassical theory to be applied in order to yield less advanced economies stimulate economic growth like in industrialized countries.

In view of the fact that tourism development of ethnic cultural heritages emphasizes resource exploitation and neglects tourism experience, this paper makes relational assumptions between tourism experience, satisfaction and behavioral intention. It takes a sampling from tourists attending the Nadam Festival (a traditional Mongolian Festival) and employs SPSS21.0 software to analyze the questionnaires recovered. The results show that tourism experience of these tourists mainly consists of two parts, namely, cognition and enjoyment. Tourism experience has significant positive impact on tourist satisfaction while tourist satisfaction has significant positive impact on behavioral intention of tourists and shows the strongest correlation with knowledge increase. Therefore, this paper proposes to improve tourism experience by enhancing the authenticity of ethnic culture, thereby providing theoretical basis for the formation of positive tourism experience during ethnic events.

Background/Objectives: Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) is a strong advertising tool for consumers, which affects their assessment of various existing brands and products such as mobile brands through online communication channels. This study aims to explain the influence of eWOM on consumers purchase intentions through brand association in Iran perspective, focusing on Samsung mobile brand. Methods/Statistical analysis: The group studied is a sample of 384 Samsung brand users among students of Tehran Islamic Azad University in Iran who answered questionnaire survey. SPSS program has been used to generate descriptive and inferential statistics while AMOS program has been used for path analysis. Findings: The result from this study indicates that eWOM has significant positive effect on brand association and purchase intention. and the effects of brand association on purchase intention were statistically significant and positive. So, the all proposed hypothesiss are accepted. Improvements/Applications: This study contributes to the explorance on the importance of eWOM on purchase intention through brand association.

The study empirically examined corporate strategy on timing of cash flows in relation to liquidity risk as it affects organizational performance. Presently, the economic situation is very tight which is why it is very difficult if not impossible to procure working capital in money market. Where it is available the associated cost usually which makes the organization to be worse off. The option left to management is to strategies on timing of cash flows as it affects the liquidity risk and performance. The study aimed at realizing four objectives. To achieve the stated objectives, four corresponding research hypotheses were formulated. The population of the study was made of all the pharmaceutical companies in the pharmaceutical industry. Purposive sampling method was employed based on the gross operating profit as a measure of performance of the entities that made up the population. Secondary method of data collection was used because the data collected from the financial statement of the sampled entities had been subjected to certain degree of scrutiny to ensure validity, accuracy and completeness of the information. The study revealed that there is positive correlation between the independent variable (GOP) and explanatory variables (DIH, DSO, DPO and CCC) though very low, except that of the relationship between GOP and DIH. R2 Within, Between and overall revealed 54％, 0％ and 27％ respectively as a measure of the proportion of the variation in the dependent variables. The result of R2 showed that there is no collinearity in the model. The overall significance of the model was assessed by the value of F-statistics of 123165.62 and p-value of 0.00 which is less than 0.05. The implication is that there is no autocorrelation between dependent variable and the independent variable. The outcome of the regression analysis revealed that all the predictor variables made contributions to the variation no matter how small in the dependent variable.

The aim of the article is to analyze the role of the United Kingdom (UK) based on the economy and its impact on the European Union (EU). Brexit is the most important event of this decade in the EU history. Which strongly affects not only the UK, but also whole the EU economy and politics. In order to assess the economic strength of the UK, we will conduct a comparative analysis with other major the EU powers, in particular Germany. It shows how much the EU loses as the UK leaves. The emphasis is on the analysis of economic reasons. The main reason for Brexit was the deterioration of the economic situation in the UK in recent years. In particular, it seems that after years. However, the evaluation of political impact is more complex and subjective.

This study examined gender equity strategies in mathematics textbooks used in two private secondary schools in Kaduna south local government. The purpose of the study is to determine the important strategies to reduce gender bias in mathematics textbooks of two private secondary schools in Kaduna South Local government Areas. A mixed method research design was employed. Questionnaire and interview were used as the instrument in this study, and the questionnaire has a reliability of 0.85. The sample of the study consisted of 526 students which comprised of 256 (48.7％) male and 270 (51.3％) female students and five mathematics teachers. The results revealed six most important strategies which may reduce gender bias in mathematics textbooks from both quantitative and qualitative data. A model was developed and recommended for adoption and implementation at entire private secondary schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Human resources management information system (HRMIS) is the computer software intended for simplification and acceleration of HR management process, improvement of its quality via automation of the basic (routine) objectives and activities in organization. Due to this advantage more and more organizations apply HRMIS effective for public, government, e-Governance as well as private business sectors also switching for HRMIS to implement digital & virtual business. Development of the HRMIS unified standards is of key significance for improvement of HR management effectiveness and transparency in certain departments, as well as in public sector, in general. In addition, it will be the significant step in introduction of the unified e-governance system and fast execution of business. This research paper discusses fundamental and initial modeling how to analyze, design and develop HRMIS in business organization.

In the new States of Africa, contemporary public administration entails the imposition or super-imposition of the elements of western bureaucratic model on the existing traditional ties. Therefore, this paper is situated on the basis of the problem in the unsettled matters constituting the international question involving bureaucratization and traditional administration in Africa. With dependence on qualitative data supported by textual examination, the implications of the composite synthesis between public administration and traditional administrative system amongst African states were highlighted. The recommendations submitted which ranges from decentralization and restructuring of public administrative system, to enhancement of harmonization and efficiency of public administration in Africa with the traditional administrative structural ecology are capable of addressing the challenge of disagreement which has hampered qualitative public service delivery in Africa.

Mowshowitz used the term Virtual Organization for the first time in 1986. Since then, there has been a lot of research on this type of networked organizations and how they will revolutionize the way we work in the 21st Century. There are numerous definitions of a VO because many authors and research groups use their own definition for their work. In the book The Virtual Corporation, (Davidow& Malone, 1992) presented one of the first extensive approaches to the subject. The focus for their conception of a Virtual Corporation relates to the concept of a Virtual Product. The ideal virtual product according to them was a product or service that is produced instantaneously and customized in response to customer demand. Throughout this paper we had presented different approaches to the subject based on the literature, and try to give an overview of the modeling of a Virtual Organization. In the literature, there exist various synonyms to the term Virtual Organization: Virtual Corporation (VC), Virtual Enterprise (VE) and Virtual Company (VCo) are all related to the same concept of co-operation between different organizations or individuals.

Human resources and maintenance are two main issues to reduce production cost. To reduce machines’ failures and repairing costs, they should be considered at the first stage of production planning. In many cases of cellular manufacturing system, designers assume that machines are always available but the failure time is a portion of machines lifecycles. In the present research work, a multi-objective mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model has been developed for solving the cell formation and operator assignment problem in which machine reliability and workload balance have been considered, simultaneously. Operators’ selection and their assignment are also set based on the specified criteria and cross-training costs. The first level of objective function goes toward minimizing inter-intra cell movement, machines setup, operation, non-utilization, cross-training and operators salaries costs. The second level of objective function maximizes the system reliability which is defined as the total parts processing route reliabilities. The third level of objective function also minimizes the summation of standard deviation of machines activities times to balance machines workloads. In order to validate the proposed model, NSGA-II algorithm is applied to solve the numerical examples, and the Analytical Network Process (ANP) is also utilized for determining the most preferred solution from the extracted Pareto set. The performance of the NSGA-II is compared to NRGA algorithms to solve the problem using SAW method. Results revealed that increasing production cost reduces lead time but parts processing routes reliability is increased when reliability and workload balance are simultaneously considered in planning.

In recent years, China-Russia cooperation has made great strides in many fields. Science and technology cooperation is not only the key strategy of Heilongjiang Province, but also the focus of the Chinese and Russian governments. In order to find the breakthrough of the further development of China-Russian science and technology cooperation, the coauthored scientific literature has become our main research object. We use the composite index to measure the coauthor strength, and describe the cooperation density using the co-existing network analysis method. In this way, we can clearly see the problems in the cooperation and find the right solutions. They can help provide scientific and effective basis for bilateral scientific and technological cooperation.

Employers are sometimes baffled when their high rated employees under-perform and others work and leave. The objective of this study was to investigate the Effect of Work Environment on Teacher Commitment to duty in selected Secondary Schools of South Eastern Nigeria, with emphasis on Nsukka metropolis. Teachers are important components of a work process and have to be given the necessary facilitation for effective and efficient service delivery. The study employed field survey research design. Population of this study was 156 teaching staff of the selected secondary schools in Nsukka metropolis. The sample size of the study was 112 respondents from the selected schools. Primary data were collected through questionnaire from the sampled schools. Correlation Pearson Co-efficient and multiple regression techniques were employed to analyse the collected data. The results revealed that interpersonal relationship, workload and physical working condition determine teacher’s commitment level. While communication though has positive effect on commitment level, does not significantly determine the commitment level of the teachers. The study recommends that to ensure high commitment level of teachers, adequate attention must be paid to the work environment like interpersonal relationship, workload and physical work condition as these are important factors that trigger the commitment level of the teachers and by so doing, the overall organizational performance is guaranteed.